About
Classical Sanskrit reading slows to a crawl whenever you hit an unfamiliar verb form. A single root can take more than a hundred shapes across tenses, persons, voices, and derivations. Existing tools are either heavy academic references or one-trick search boxes.
This site is a reader's window into a dataset hand-built over several years: 2,064 dhātus with their lakāra forms, kṛdantas, karmaṇi, ṇijanta, sannanta, and yaṅanta cells, plus meanings in Sanskrit, English, and Hindi. The data is ~75% filled and grows with every revision.
Type a root in Devanāgarī or IAST, paste an inflected form you don't recognise, or search by English meaning. The matcher handles partial prefixes, anusvāra variants (ं ↔ म्), and surfaces every cell where your query appears.
Contact
Spotted a missing cell, a wrong gloss, or want to contribute to the dataset? Reach the curator directly:
Feedback shapes what gets built next.
Please include the dhātu (root), the cell or form in question, and what you'd expect to see.
Glossary of suffix names
Short reference for the kṛdanta and verbal-noun suffixes that label columns inside each verb's paradigm. Hindi glosses follow the curator's own phrasing.
| Roman | Devanāgarī | अर्थ (Hindi gloss) |
|---|---|---|
| śatṛ | शतृ | करते हुए / होते हुए अर्थ में |
| kta | क्त | किया / हुआ अर्थ में |
| tavyat | तव्यत् | करना / होना चाहिये अर्थ में |
More entries are on the way — the full list comes from the curator. Contributions and corrections welcome via the Contact page.
Upasargas (verbal prefixes)
A verb you meet in a verse is often not the bare root the lookup expects. An upasarga (prefix) glues onto the root and changes its surface form, so the form in the verse and the form in the data set may not match letter-for-letter.
Strip the upasarga, find the root in the lookup, then re-attach the prefix when you read. A few worked examples, all drawn from real verses:
- अभि + एति → अभ्येति · search for एति (or roots इ / ई).
- वि + ईक्ष् → वीक्ष्, लट् प्र पु ए व वीक्षते · search for वीक्ष, which surfaces ईक्ष् (to see).
- आ + विष्ट → आविष्ट · search for विष्टः — the क्त-kṛdanta of विष् (to pervade, surround) appears in Group 1.
- निः + उप + द्रवा → निरुपद्रवा · two upasargas in tandem on the अच्-kṛdanta of द्रु (to melt, liquefy). Search for द्रवः to land on the root.
- लगुड + आ + हतिम् · लगुड is samāsa-joined with the आ-prefixed क्तिन्-form of हन्; search हतिः.
Rule of thumb: peel off prefixes one at a time, and look for the form the dataset actually carries — usually पुं प्रथमा एकवचन for nominal forms and लट् प्रथम पुरुष एकवचन for verbs.
How to use this lookup
The lookup is built for reading. When you hit an unfamiliar form in a verse, the goal is to reduce it to whatever shape the dataset carries, then read the cell badges and highlights to recover its grammatical identity.
Reading a verse — worked example
यौवनं जरया ग्रस्तमारोग्यं व्याधिभिर्हतम्।
जीवितं मृत्युरभ्येति तृष्णा तु निरुपद्रवा॥
(Youth is devoured by old age, health is hurt by infirmity, life moves toward death — only desire stays untouched.)
- Split the sandhi (anvaya). ग्रस्तमारोग्यं → ग्रस्तम् आरोग्यं; व्याधिभिर्हतम् → व्याधिभिः हतम्; मृत्युरभ्येति → मृत्युः अभि + एति.
- Strip upasargas. See the Upasarga page — for अभ्येति drop अभि and search एति; for निरुपद्रवा drop निः + उप and search द्रवः.
- Reduce kṛdanta forms. ग्रस्तम्, हतम् are नपुं प्रथमा एकवचन of क्त-kṛdantas; the dataset stores the पुं form. Enter ग्रस्तः or हतः instead.
- For verbs, search by the लट् प्र पु ए व form — it is shown right under the verb header so you can confirm at a glance.
- Read the badges. Each result card lists the cells the form appears in (e.g. kta, karmaṇi). Yellow highlights inside the paradigm mark the exact match; the matching group's title carries a small ★ so you can jump to it.
Anusvāra (ं) and final virāma (्) are matched flexibly; partial prefixes are also accepted — if a form draws a blank, try a shorter slice.